Testing & Diagnosis

Testing and diagnosis

Knowing what happens during a memory evaluation — and what each test can and cannot show — makes the process far less intimidating.

Evaluate when memory changes are noticed by others, are progressing, or are affecting daily tasks.

A memory evaluation combines history, cognitive testing, examination, laboratory work, and often imaging.

Cognitive testing measures specific abilities so change can be tracked objectively over time.

Brief screening tests take about 10 to 15 minutes and indicate whether fuller evaluation is needed.

A detailed multi-hour assessment that maps cognitive strengths and weaknesses in fine detail.

Imaging rules out treatable structural causes and shows patterns of atrophy and vascular disease.

Routine blood work looks for medical conditions that can cause or worsen cognitive symptoms.

Biomarkers detect the biology of Alzheimer's disease rather than only its symptoms.

An imaging test that shows whether amyloid plaques are present in the brain.

Blood-based biomarkers can indicate Alzheimer's pathology with a simple blood draw.

A spinal fluid sample can measure amyloid and tau directly and evaluate for inflammation or infection.

APOE is a risk factor, not a diagnosis. Rare inherited forms of dementia are a separate question.

Primary care can start the evaluation. Specialist referral helps when the picture is complex or treatment is being considered.

Preparation determines how much the clinician can accomplish in a single visit.

A checklist to print or save before the appointment.